Effect of Pour Point Depressant (PPD) for Efficient Transport of Waxy Crude Oil: A Critical Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63635/mrj.v1i4.189Keywords:
Pour Point Depressant, waxy crude oil, Polymer, AdditivesAbstract
The transportation of waxy crude oils is often challenged by high pour points and wax deposition, which significantly increase pipeline viscosity, energy consumption, and operational costs. Pour point depressants (PPDs) have emerged as effective chemical additives to modify wax crystallization behavior, reduce pour point, and improve crude oil flowability. In this study, the role of PPDs in enhancing pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is discussed with emphasis on their mechanisms of action, such as adsorption on wax crystal surfaces, inhibition of crystal growth, and modification of crystal morphology. Various classes of PPDs, including ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers, polymethacrylates, and comb-like copolymers, are evaluated for their efficiency in lowering pour point and mitigating wax deposition. Laboratory assessments and field applications demonstrate that optimized PPD formulations can reduce pour points by more than 10-20°C, ensuring uninterrupted transportation under sub-ambient conditions. This literature review summarizes the importance of molecular structure, crude oil composition, and operating parameters in determining PPD performance, providing insights for the design of next-generation flow assurance additives.
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