Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter in a Class 1 Urban Agglomeration City of Mid Brahmaputra Valley
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63635/mrj.v1i1.2Keywords:
Particulate matter, Ambient air quality, Exposure, Mid Brahmaputra ValleyAbstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure is linked to the increased health risks including respiratory disorder, cardiovascular ailment, and shortening the life expectancy of human beings. The present study investigated personal exposure to inhalable, thoracic, and alveolic particles in and around five locations of Tezpur city of mid Brahmaputra Valley. A portable aerosol spectrophotometer (GRIMM, model 9.109) was used to retrieve the diurnal variation of PM concentration during the morning, noon, and evening for five working days at various land use of the city. The observations showed that the PM concentrations varied depending upon the different characteristics of the location. The maximum concentration of PM in inhalable, thoracic, and alveolic fractions were 494.87±300 μgm-3, 292.24 ±118 μgm-3 and 143.71± 52 μgm-3, respectively. The concentrations of particulates increased from morning to noon and reached maximum level in the evening at all locations except in the residential areas, wherein the concentration level was recorded the highest during morning, decreased during noon and again increased during evening. A high exposure level was recorded at commercial and high-traffic areas as compared to the residential areas. The exposure level was minimum in the remotely located rural area.
Downloads
References
[1] Pope III, C.A.; Dockery, D.W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2006, 56, 709–742, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485
[2] Chen, Y.-C.; Hsu, C.-K.; Wang, C.C.; Tsai, P.-J.; Wang, C.-Y.; Chen, M.-R.; Lin, M.-Y. Particulate matter exposure in a police station located near a highway. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 14541-14556, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121114541
[3] Møller, K.L.; Brauer, C.; Mikkelsen, S.; Bonde, J.P.; Loft, S.; Helweg-Larsen, K.; Thygesen, L.C. Cardiovascular disease and long-term occupational exposure to ultrafine particles: A cohort study of airport workers. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2020, 223(1), 214-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.08.010
[4] Marabini, L.; Ozgen, S.; Turacchi, S.; Aminti, S.; Arnaboldi, F.; Lonati, G.; Fermo, P.; Corbella, L.; Valli, G.; Bernardoni, V.; Dell’Acqua, M. Ultrafine particles (UFPs) from domestic wood stoves: genotoxicity in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 2017, 820, 39-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.06.001
[5] Kelly, F.J.; Fussell, J.C. Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmos. Environ. 2012, 60, 504-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.039
[6] Devi, J.J.; Gupta, T.; Tripathi, S.N.; Ujinwal, K.K. Assessment of personal exposure to inhalable indoor and outdoor particulate matter for student residents of an academic campus (IIT-Kanpur). Inhal. Toxicol. 2009, 21(14), 1208-1222, https://doi.org/10.3109/08958370902822875
[7] Gurung, A.; Bell, M.L. Exposure to airborne particulate matter in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2012, 22, 235-242, https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2012.14
[8] Yadav, S.K.; Jain, M.K. Exposure to particulate matter in different regions along a road network, Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, Curr. Sci. 2017, 112 (1), 131-139, https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v112/i01/131-139
[9] Seinfeld, J.H.; Pandis, S.N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Polluticon to Climate Change. 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York, 1998.
[10] Upadhyay, A.; Dey, S.; Chowdhury, S.; Goyal, P. Expected health benefits from mitigation of emissions from major anthropogenic PM2.5 sources in India: Statistics at state level. Environ. Pollut. 2018, 242, 1817-1826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.085
[11] Grimm, A.T.G.C.M. (2010). Aerosol spectrometer and dust monitor, series 1.108 and 1.109; M_E_IAQ_1108-1109-Spec_v2p4 Available online: https://cires1.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/Manuals/Grimm_OPC_Manual.pdf (Accessed on 30 December 2024)
[12] IS 5182-14 2000. Methods for measurement of air pollution, Part 14: Guidelines for planning the sampling of atmosphere [CHD 32: Environmental Protection and Waste Management] Available online: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S02/is.5182.14.2000.pdf (accessed on 30 December 2024)
[13] Wallace, L.; Ott, W. Personal exposure to ultrafine particles. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2011, 21, 20-30, https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2009.59
[14] Kulkarni, M.M.; Patil, R.S. Monitoring of daily integrated exposure of outdoor workers to respirable particulate matter in an urban region of India. Environ. Moni. Assess. 1999, 56, 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005947301971
[15] WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available online: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/345329/9789240034228-eng.pdf (accessed on 31 December 2024)
[16] Nasir, Z.A.; Colbeck, I. Particulate air pollution in transport micro-environments. J. Environ. Monit. 2009, 11, 1140-1146, https://doi.org/10.1039/B821824B
[17] Hendryx, M.; Ahern, M.M. Relations between health indicators and residential proximity to coal mining in West Virginia. Am. J. Public Health 2008, 98, 669-671, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.113472
[18] Banks, D.E.; Wang, M.L.; Lapp, N.L. Respiratory health effects of opencast coalmining: a cross sectional study of current workers. Occup. Environ Med. 1998, 55, 287-288, https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.55.4.287
[19] Chen, S.Y.; Hayes, R.B.; Liang, S.R.; Li, Q.G.; Stewart, P.A.; Blair, A. Mortality experience of haematite mine workers in China. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1990, 47, 175-181, https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.47.3.175
[20] Orru, H.; Maasikmet, M.; Lai, T.; Tamm, T.; Kaasik, M.; Kimmel, V.; Orru, K.; Merisalu, E.; Forsberg, B. Health impacts of particulate matter in five major Estonian towns: main sources of exposure and local differences. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 2011, 4, 247-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-010-0075-6
[21] Buzea, C.; Pacheco, I.I.; Robbie, K. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity. Biointerphases 2007, 2(4), 17-71, https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2815690
[22] Quintana, C.; Bellefqih, S.; Laval, J.Y.; Guerquin-Kern, J.L.; Wu, T.D.; Avila, J.; Ferrer, I.; Arranz, R.; Patiño, C. Study of the localization of iron, ferritin, and hemosiderin in Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus by analytical microscopy at the subcellular level. J. Struct. Biol. 2006, 153(1), 42-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2005.11.001
[23] Kumar, P.; Gupta, N.C. Commuter exposure to inhalable, thoracic and alveolic particles in various transportation modes in Delhi. Sci. Total Environ. 2016, 541, 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.076
Downloads
Abstract Display: 66 
PDF Downloads: 12 Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
